Eco-Friendly Synthesis and Structural Stabilization of Sb-Doped SnO₂ Nanocatalysts Prepared via Pechini Route for Sustainable Chemical Applications

Abstract

This research presents the eco-friendly synthesis and detailed structural characterisation of antimony-doped tin  oxide (SnO₂:Sb) nanocatalysts developed for sustainable chemical transformation applications. Samples containing  0–18 mol% Sb were synthesised using the polymeric precursor (Pechini) method and subjected to calcination  between 800 °C and 1200 °C for four hours. The microstructural evolution, crystallite size, lattice parameters, and strain behaviour were examined using X-ray diffraction coupled with Rietveld refinement.